N. N. Moiseev World Futures , 36 , 01.1993 , p. 1-19, language: английский  Аннотация The great thinkers Marx, Teilhard De Chardin, and Vernadsky meditated about the future of mankind and attempted to look beyond the horizons of history. However their points of departure were quite different. For Marx the source of his thoughts about the future was his doctrine about the establishment and modification of forms of ownership. Terhards's analysis by contrast, was based on the idea of man as a special kind of phenomenon/ It is man who has his own spiritual world, who was born of nature and is capable of changing the cource of history. Vernadsky studied the evolution of the biosphere and the ever increaasing intervention of man in the processes taking place in it. Early in the twentieth century he formulated the thesis that mankind was gradually becoming the principal geologenic force of our planet. Each different approach contains some elements of a modern "universal evolutionism" which is discussed and its historical roots revealed.  Ключевые слова Evolution, society,, noosphere, Marx, Teilhard De Chardin, Vernadsky, evolutionism